What Ontario requires
- A supervisor, or a competent person the supervisor appoints, inspects all machinery and equipment at the project, including fire extinguishing equipment, magazines, electrical installations, communication systems, sanitation and medical facilities, buildings and other structures, temporary supports and means of access and egress, at least once a week or more often as the supervisor decides, to make sure they do not endanger any workerO. Reg. 213/91, s. 14 (3), (4)
- A constructor appoints a supervisor for every project where five or more workers will work at the same time, and an employer of five or more workers on a project appoints a supervisor for them; the supervisor supervises the work at all times, personally or through a competent assistant; a competent person performs the tests and observations needed to detect hazardous conditionsO. Reg. 213/91, ss. 14 (1), (2), (5), 15
- On a project with a joint health and safety committee (20 or more workers regularly employed, expected to last three months or more) or a health and safety representative (more than five workers and no committee), the designated worker member or the representative inspects the physical condition of the workplace at least once a monthOccupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1, ss. 8 (1), (6), 9 (1) (a), (2) (a), (26) ยท Guide for health and safety committees and representatives (ontario.ca)
- Where a worker may fall more than 3 metres, more than 1.2 metres on a path used by wheelbarrows or similar equipment, into operating machinery, into water or another liquid, into or onto a hazardous substance or object, or through an opening, the worker is protected by a guardrail system or, if that is not practicable, by the highest ranked practicable method: travel restraint, a fall restricting system, a fall arrest system, or a safety netO. Reg. 213/91, ss. 26, 26.1 (1), (2)
- A guardrail system is used where a worker has access to the perimeter or an open side of a floor (including a mezzanine or balcony), a bridge surface, a roof while formwork is in place, or a scaffold or other work platform, runway or ramp, and may fall 2.4 metres or more; openings in a work surface are guarded by a guardrail or by a covering that is secured, identified as covering an opening and strong enoughO. Reg. 213/91, s. 26.3 (1), (2)
- A worker who may use a fall protection system is adequately trained in its use, with oral and written instructions from a competent person, and meets the working at heights training requirements of O. Reg. 297/13; the trainer prepares and signs a written training record with the worker's name and training dates, available to an inspector on requestO. Reg. 213/91, s. 26.2
- Every worker wears protective headwear and protective footwear at all times when on a projectO. Reg. 213/91, ss. 22 (1), 23 (1)
- All vehicles, machinery, tools and equipment are maintained so they do not endanger a worker, and none is used while it is defective or hazardous, when weather or other conditions make its use likely to endanger a worker, or while being repaired or serviced unless the work requires it to runO. Reg. 213/91, s. 93 (1), (2)
- The walls of an excavation are held up by a support system, except, among others, an excavation less than 1.2 metres deep, one no worker has to enter, one cut in sound and stable rock, and walls sloped as the regulation sets out for the soil typeO. Reg. 213/91, s. 234 (1), (2)
Weekly and monthly inspections
Where five or more workers work at the same time, the constructor appoints a supervisor who oversees the work at all times. The supervisor, or a competent person the supervisor appoints, inspects the machinery and equipment at least once a week: fire extinguishing equipment, electrical installations, communication systems, sanitation and medical facilities, structures, temporary supports and the ways in and out.
Projects with 20 or more workers expected to last three months or more have a joint health and safety committee, and projects with more than five workers and no committee have a health and safety representative. The designated worker member or the representative inspects the physical condition of the workplace at least once a month.
Falls, guardrails and training
Fall protection applies where a worker could fall more than 3 metres, more than 1.2 metres on a wheelbarrow path, or into machinery, water, a hazardous substance or an opening. A guardrail comes first; if it is not practicable, the next choices in order are travel restraint, a fall restricting system, fall arrest and a safety net. Floor edges, balconies, bridge decks, roofs with formwork and work platforms get guardrails from 2.4 metres, and openings get guardrails or secured, marked covers.
Workers who use fall protection are trained and meet Ontario's working at heights training requirement, and the trainer signs a written record with the worker's name and training dates.
Head, feet, equipment and excavations
Every worker wears protective headwear and protective footwear at all times on a project. Vehicles, machines, tools and equipment are kept in safe condition and are not used while defective or hazardous. Excavation walls are supported unless the excavation is less than 1.2 metres deep, no worker has to enter it, it is in sound rock or its walls are sloped as the regulation requires.
Common mistakes
- Treating the monthly representative inspection as the weekly supervisor inspection, or the other way round.
- Using a harness where a guardrail was practicable.
- Letting a worker on site without safety boots or a hard hat for a quick task.
- No working at heights training record for a worker using fall protection.
- Entering a trench deeper than 1.2 metres with unsupported walls.
Sources
- O. Reg. 213/91, s. 14 (3), (4), checked October 12, 2026
- O. Reg. 213/91, ss. 14 (1), (2), (5), 15, checked October 12, 2026
- Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1, ss. 8 (1), (6), 9 (1) (a), (2) (a), (26), checked October 12, 2026
- Guide for health and safety committees and representatives (ontario.ca), checked October 11, 2026
- O. Reg. 213/91, ss. 26, 26.1 (1), (2), checked October 12, 2026
- O. Reg. 213/91, s. 26.3 (1), (2), checked October 12, 2026
- O. Reg. 213/91, s. 26.2, checked October 12, 2026
- O. Reg. 213/91, ss. 22 (1), 23 (1), checked October 12, 2026
- O. Reg. 213/91, s. 93 (1), (2), checked October 12, 2026
- O. Reg. 213/91, s. 234 (1), (2), checked October 12, 2026
Last reviewed October 12, 2026. Next review due January 12, 2027. This page explains published rules to help you write your report. It is not legal advice; the official text linked above governs.